What Causes Lotus Root Rot and How to Prevent It?

What Causes Lotus Root Rot and How to Prevent It?

Lotus root is a popular vegetable grown in many regions. To ensure good quality and high yield, it is important to effectively prevent and control diseases. So, what causes lotus root rot and how can it be prevented? Let's find out.

What Causes Lotus Root Rot?

Lotus root rot is caused by a disease called rot disease, also known as black root disease, lotus wilt, withering disease, and rot disease. It mainly affects the underground stems of lotus roots, and symptoms can also be seen on the aboveground leaves and leaf stalks. In the early stages, the leaves of diseased plants become pale, the edges of the leaves turn brown, the leaves curl, and eventually, the entire leaf becomes brown, scorched, and withered. The vascular bundle tissue of the leaf stalk turns brown, and the top often bends, becoming brown and dried up. Severely affected plants die completely, while lightly affected plants may still produce new leaves from the top buds, but these new leaves will also turn yellow and wither shortly after. So, what causes lotus root rot?

How to Prevent Lotus Root Rot?

1. Crop Rotation: It is best to rotate crops every 2-3 years, alternating between wet and dry conditions. Rice can be used as a rotation crop, or other aquatic vegetables can be rotated.

2. Selection of Resistant Varieties: Choose lotus root varieties with strong disease resistance, and use disease-free roots from the previous crop as seedlings. Additionally, choose early-maturing varieties and harvest them before lotus root rot becomes severe to reduce losses.

3. Disinfection of Seedlings: Cut the tip of the lotus root for seedling, which makes disinfection easier and more thorough. However, the tip of the lotus root must be inserted into the mud for early growth, and the planting density should be increased appropriately.

4. Cleaning in Winter: After harvesting lotus roots in winter, thoroughly remove diseased leaves, stems, and residual roots from the field, then concentrate and destroy them. Deep plowing and ditching in the lotus field in winter, or deep water irrigation in the lotus field, can eliminate overwintering sources of the disease.

5. Scientific Fertilization: Apply fertilizer, reduce nitrogen fertilizer, increase potassium fertilizer, and use mature organic fertilizer.

6. Chemical Control: After the disease occurs in the lotus field, apply Kangsa, a drill-run lotus root replanting agent, in the affected area. Keep the water depth in the lotus field at about 10 cm, and avoid water inflow and outflow in the lotus field to prevent product loss. Use one bag (800 grams) of Kangsa per 60-120 square meters of area, and use more in severely affected areas.

Above is the introduction to what causes lotus root rot and how to prevent it, mainly caused by diseases. It is essential to strengthen prevention efforts.

How to Save a Dying Lotus Plant

Lotus plants are not only beautiful but also have cultural and symbolic significance in many societies. If you notice your lotus plant is struggling and showing signs of decline, prompt action can help save it. Here are steps you can take to revive a dying lotus plant:

1. Assess the Situation

First, determine the cause of the plant's decline. Common issues include over or under-watering, poor water quality, inadequate sunlight, or pests and diseases. Identifying the problem will help you address it effectively.

2. Adjust Watering

Lotus plants require consistent watering, especially during the growing season. Ensure the plant is in a container with adequate drainage. If the soil feels dry, water the plant thoroughly. However, avoid waterlogging, as it can lead to root rot.

3. Improve Water Quality

Lotus plants prefer clean, non-chlorinated water. If using tap water, let it sit for 24 hours to allow the chlorine to dissipate. You can also use rainwater or water from a pond, as long as it is free from pollutants.

4. Provide Adequate Sunlight

Lotus plants thrive in full sunlight. Ensure your plant receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. If indoors, place the plant near a south-facing window to maximize sunlight exposure.

5. Fertilize Sparingly

During the growing season, you can fertilize your lotus plant with a balanced fertilizer. However, avoid over-fertilizing, as it can harm the plant. Use a fertilizer specifically formulated for aquatic plants, and follow the instructions carefully.

6. Check for Pests and Diseases

Inspect your lotus plant regularly for signs of pests or diseases. Common issues include aphids, spider mites, and fungal infections. If you notice any problems, treat them promptly using appropriate methods or insecticidal soap.

7. Prune and Remove Dead Leaves

Remove any dead or yellowing leaves from your lotus plant. This will improve air circulation and prevent the spread of diseases. Additionally, pruning can encourage new growth.

8. Repot if Necessary

If your lotus plant is in a container and has outgrown its current pot, consider repotting it into a larger container. Use a loamy soil mix and ensure the plant is positioned correctly in the new container.

By following these steps and providing proper care, you can revive a dying lotus plant and enjoy its beauty for years to come.

What Properties Do Lotus Leaves Have to Prevent Them from Rotting?

Lotus leaves have several unique properties that help prevent them from rotting, even in wet and muddy conditions. These properties are primarily due to the leaf's surface structure and composition. Here are the main characteristics of lotus leaves that contribute to their ability to resist rot:

1. Superhydrophobic Surface

Lotus leaves have a superhydrophobic surface, meaning they repel water very effectively. This is due to the presence of microscopic bumps and a wax-like coating on the leaf surface. When water comes into contact with the leaf, it forms beads that roll off, carrying dirt and contaminants with them. This self-cleaning property helps prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria that cause rot.

2. Microscopic Structures

The surface of lotus leaves is covered with tiny wax crystals and papillae (hair-like structures). These microscopic structures trap air and create a cushion of air between the leaf and water droplets. This air cushion reduces the contact area between water and the leaf surface, further enhancing the leaf's hydrophobicity and preventing water from penetrating the leaf tissue.

3. Chemical Composition

Lotus leaves contain compounds such as hydrophobic waxes and secondary metabolites that contribute to their water-repellent properties. These compounds are part of the plant's natural defense system against pathogens and environmental stressors. They create a barrier that prevents water from entering the leaf and inhibits the growth of microorganisms that cause rot.

4. Self-Cleaning Mechanism

Lotus leaves have a unique self-cleaning mechanism known as the "lotus effect." When water droplets roll off the leaf surface, they pick up dirt and debris, leaving the leaf clean. This self-cleaning action reduces the accumulation of organic matter that could promote the growth of fungi and bacteria, helping to prevent rot.

Overall, lotus leaves possess a combination of physical and chemical properties that make them highly resistant to rot. These properties have inspired the development of biomimetic materials for various applications, inc
luding self-cleaning surfaces and water-repellent coatings.

How to Keep Lotus Root Fresh

Lotus root is a versatile and nutritious vegetable used in many Asian cuisines. To enjoy its crisp texture and delicate flavor, it's important to store lotus root properly to keep it fresh. Here are some tips to help you preserve lotus root:

1. Choose Fresh Lotus Root

Start by selecting fresh lotus root from the market. Look for roots that are firm, smooth, and free from blemishes or soft spots. Avoid lotus root that appears dry or has mold growth.

2. Store in a Cool, Dark Place

Store unpeeled lotus root in a cool, dark place, such as the vegetable drawer of your refrigerator. Keep it away from light and heat, as exposure to these elements can cause the root to spoil quickly.

3. Wrap in Paper Towels

Before storing, wrap the unpeeled lotus root in paper towels to absorb excess moisture. This helps prevent the root from becoming soggy and reduces the risk of mold growth.

4. Use a Perforated Plastic Bag

Place the wrapped lotus root in a perforated plastic bag. The perforations allow for air circulation, which helps prevent the root from rotting. Alternatively, you can use a vegetable storage bag with air vents.

5. Check and Rotate Regularly

Check the lotus root regularly for any signs of spoilage, such as softening or mold growth. If you notice any issues, remove the affected root immediately. Also, rotate the roots in the storage container to ensure even air circulation.

6. Store Peeled Lotus Root in Water

If you have peeled lotus root, store it in a container filled with water in the refrigerator. Change the water daily to keep it fresh. This method helps maintain the root's crisp texture and prevents it from drying out.

7. Use Quickly

Lotus root is best used within a few days of purchase for optimal freshness and flavor. Plan your meals accordingly to make the most of this delicious vegetable.

By following these tips, you can keep lotus root fresh and enjoy its unique taste and texture in your cooking.