Common Feed Additives Used in Cattle Farming and Their Applications

Common Feed Additives Used in Cattle Farming and Their Applications

In cattle farming, feed additives are often used to supplement nutrients, improve production performance, and solve various feeding issues. With the continuous development of cattle farming technology, feed additives have evolved and are widely applied. So, what are the common types of feed additives used in cattle farming and their applications? Let's explore together.

1. Sodium Bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, can neutralize stomach acid, dissolve mucus, and reduce the viscosity of digestive juices in cattle.

Application:

• Add an appropriate amount of baking soda to the forage. Typically, add 20-60 grams per feeding, twice a day for several days.

• Alternatively, mix 1%-1.5% of the concentrate feed's weight and adjust based on the cattle's condition over time.

2. Salt

Salt is used to supplement sodium and chloride deficiencies and improve feed palatability, enhancing the animal's appetite.

Application:

• For beef cattle, the feeding amount can be 0.4% of the dry matter in the feed; for lactating cows, it's 0.5%.

• Mix into the feed at a ratio of 0.5%-1%, or make it into a licking block for free consumption.

3. Non-Protein Nitrogen

Non-protein nitrogen additives such as urea, ammonia, and ammonium salts can reduce the amount of protein fed to cattle, promoting growth.

Application:

• Mix 20-30 grams of urea per kilogram of body weight into the concentrate feed or mix it with coarse feed.

• Alternatively, dissolve urea in water and spray it onto hay for feeding.

4. Vitamins

Vitamins play a crucial role in cattle growth, reproduction, lactation, and health. When using vitamin additives, pay attention to their stability and biological efficacy, and store them properly to avoid loss of potency.

Application:

• For beef cattle, add the following amounts per kilogram of daily dry matter intake:

• Vitamin A additive (containing 200,000 IU/gram): 14 mg

• Vitamin D3 additive (containing 10,000 IU/gram): 28 mg

• Vitamin E (containing 200,000 IU/gram): 0.38-3.00 grams

5. Rare Earth Elements

Rare earth elements contain various trace elements that can stimulate cattle growth.

Application:

• Add 1000 ppm of rare earth elements to the diet or feed 8-10 grams of rare earth per head of fattening cattle daily, divided into three feedings. This can increase daily weight gain by 10%.

6. Rumensin

Rumensin, also known as monensin, is a widely used feed additive in ruminants. It improves feed efficiency in beef cattle by reducing rumen protein degradation, increasing the amount of bypass protein.

Application:

• Use Rumensin sodium, adding 5.5-33 mg per kilogram of feed.

• Feed each cow 50-360 mg daily.

Precautions When Using Feed Additives

While feed additives are widely used in cattle farming, it's crucial to use them correctly and in appropriate amounts. Overuse of additives like salt and urea can easily lead to toxicity. Always monitor the cattle's condition and adjust accordingly to ensure their health and productivity.

Common Feed Ingredients for Cattle

Feeding cattle properly is essential for their growth, health, and productivity. Understanding the common feed ingredients used in cattle diets can help ensure that cattle receive the necessary nutrients to thrive. Here are some of the most commonly used feed ingredients for cattle:

1. Forages

Forages are the primary source of nutrients for cattle, providing essential fiber and energy. They include:

• Grass: Common types include alfalfa, clover, and timothy grass, which are rich in fiber and protein.

• Hay: Dried grasses or legumes, often used when fresh pasture is not available.

• Silage: Fermented green fodder stored in silos, providing high energy and nutrients, especially during winter.

2. Grains

Grains are a vital energy source, providing carbohydrates and protein. Common grains include:

• Corn: High in energy and widely used in cattle diets.

• Barley: Provides a good balance of energy and fiber.

• Oats: Rich in fiber, making them a good choice for young or lactating cattle.

3. Protein Supplements

Protein is crucial for growth, milk production, and overall health. Protein supplements include:

• Soybean Meal: A high-protein feed ingredient that is highly digestible.

• Cottonseed Meal: Provides a good protein source with additional fiber.

• Canola Meal: An excellent protein source with a favorable amino acid profile.

4. By-Product Feeds

By-products from various industries can be used as cattle feed, providing economical and nutritious options:

• Distillers Grains: A by-product of ethanol production, high in protein and energy.

• Beet Pulp: A by-product of sugar beet processing, rich in fiber and energy.

• Citrus Pulp: A by-product of citrus juice production, offering energy and fiber.

5. Minerals and Vitamins

Minerals and vitamins are essential for various physiological functions and overall health. Common supplements include:

• Calcium and Phosphorus: Crucial for bone development and metabolic functions.

• Selenium and Vitamin E: Important for immune function and reproduction.

• Trace Minerals: Including zinc, copper, and manganese, vital for enzyme functions and overall health.

6. Fats and Oils

Fats and oils provide a concentrated energy source, improving feed efficiency and overall energy intake:

• Animal Fats: Rendered fats from livestock, providing high energy.

• Vegetable Oils: Such as soybean oil and canola oil, used to increase energy density in the diet.

Conclusion

By understanding the common feed ingredients for cattle, farmers can create balanced diets that meet the nutritional needs of their herds. Properly formulated feeds contribute to the health, growth, and productivity of cattle, ensuring successful cattle farming operations.