Winter weather is harsh, with low temperatures and limited sunlight. To ensure normal vegetable growth and maintain high yield and quality under such conditions, meticulous management is required. Here are six key points for managing greenhouse vegetables in winter.
1. Timely Fertilization, But Not Excessive
During low-temperature periods, root activity decreases, and using chemical fertilizers can lead to yellowing leaves and root damage. Therefore, current fertilization should focus on biological or organic fertilizers, adhering to the principle of "small meals, multiple times." Avoid over-fertilization. Generally, apply 15-20 kg/acre of biological or organic fertilizer per application.
2. Do Not Forget Foliar Nutrition
In low-temperature periods, weak root activity can be compensated by foliar fertilization, which is an effective way to prevent nutrient deficiencies and supplement plant nutrition. Common foliar fertilizers include comprehensive types such as the Greenfenway series, Duoyuanli, and Fangrun foliar fertilizers. When plants show nutrient deficiency symptoms, corresponding foliar fertilizers can be sprayed to alleviate the issue.
3. Control Watering, But Do Not Let Plants Dry Out
During cold spells, farmers often hesitate to water due to fears of increased humidity leading to diseases or root damage. However, vegetables in the fruiting stage require significant amounts of water and nutrients. It is recommended to water on sunny days according to soil moisture conditions. Choose methods like light watering or subsurface irrigation under mulch.
4. Spray Plant Growth Regulators
Spraying growth regulators such as brassinolide, chlormequat chloride, or Aiduoshu can adjust crop growth and enhance resistance to stress and diseases. For weak plants, spray a 6000-fold solution of Aiduoshu or a 1500-fold solution of brassinolide. For overly vigorous plants, spray a 750-1500 fold solution of 25% chlormequat chloride.
5. Maintain Temperature Without Neglecting Ventilation
In winter, due to poor sunlight and low temperatures, many farmers avoid ventilation to maintain greenhouse temperature. However, it is important to ventilate around noon after removing the grass mats to replenish CO2 levels, promote photosynthesis, and expel accumulated harmful gases. Ensure ventilation without lowering the temperature. The duration of ventilation depends on the internal greenhouse temperature.
6. Strengthen Pest and Disease Control
Winter is a time when sealed, humid greenhouses can easily lead to weakened plant resistance and increased pest and disease issues. Effective pest and disease prevention measures include using insect nets and light traps. If necessary, spraying should be done in the morning, while fumigation can be conducted in the afternoon or at night.
In conclusion, the above six points are essential for managing greenhouse vegetables in winter. With low temperatures and frequent rain in winter, it is crucial to maintain proper insulation and moisture control. Scientific management ensures better growth for greenhouse vegetables.
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