Stevia, also known as sweetleaf or sugarleaf, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae family. Its leaves contain a compound that is about 300 times sweeter than sucrose and has a low caloric content. Stevia finds wide applications in industries such as medicine and food due to its sweetness. Moreover, the low cost and easy management of stevia cultivation have made it increasingly popular among growers. So, what is the planting time and method for stevia? Let's find out.
Planting Time for Stevia
The best time to plant stevia is during spring, typically between March and May. During this period, sowing stevia seeds results in the highest germination rate and optimal growth.
Methods of Planting Stevia
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Selection of Planting Site: Stevia has a wide adaptability to various soil types but prefers fertile, moist, and well-drained sandy loam soil. The soil pH should be around 7.0, with good water retention and fertility.
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Seed Treatment: Before sowing, dry the stevia seeds in the sun for 1-2 days and remove any fuzz. Soak the seeds in a 50% carbendazim solution or a 5000-fold potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, then soak them overnight in warm water before sowing.
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Planting Methods:
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Seedbed Sowing: Apply 3 cubic meters of farmyard manure, 25 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 10 kilograms of urea, and 15 kilograms of potassium nitrate per acre to the seedbed. Then, water adequately and mix the treated seeds with a suitable amount of fine soil before evenly sowing them on the seedbed.
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Stem Cutting Propagation: Select healthy, disease-free, vigorous branches or side shoots as cuttings. Insert the prepared cuttings into the soil to a depth of one-third to one-half, with a spacing of 2 centimeters between rows. After planting, irrigate with a diluted carbendazim solution, then cover with plastic film for warmth and shade.
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Transplantation: When transplanting, make incisions with a knife or small shovel to a depth of 5 to 10 centimeters, then insert the seedlings and press the soil firmly around them. Immediately water the transplanted seedlings (fields with good soil moisture may not require watering). Check for missing or damaged seedlings and water them 5-7 days after transplantation to ensure planting density and seedling survival.
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Planting Density: Transplant 10,000-11,000 plants per acre, with staggered planting using 1.42-meter mulch. Large rows are spaced approximately 60 centimeters apart, with small row spacing of 20 centimeters and a plant spacing of 20 centimeters.
In conclusion, planting stevia is relatively simple. Currently, stevia cultivation can be observed in various regions of China such as Hebei, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Hunan, and Yunnan, indicating a wealth of experience that can be drawn upon for cultivation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. How often should I water stevia plants?
Stevia plants prefer moist soil conditions but are susceptible to root rot if overwatered. Water the plants when the soil surface starts to dry out, typically every 2-3 days, depending on the weather conditions and soil moisture levels.
2. Can stevia be grown indoors?
Yes, stevia can be grown indoors successfully, provided it receives adequate light, preferably bright indirect sunlight, and the temperature remains consistently warm. Ensure proper drainage in the pots and avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
3. How long does it take for stevia seeds to germinate?
Stevia seeds usually take about 7-14 days to germinate under optimal conditions, which include warm temperatures between 70-85°F (21-29°C) and consistently moist soil. However, germination may vary depending on seed quality and environmental factors.
4. Is stevia susceptible to any pests or diseases?
Stevia plants are relatively pest and disease-resistant; however, they may occasionally be affected by aphids, whiteflies, or powdery mildew. Regular inspection of the plants and prompt action, such as spraying with insecticidal soap or neem oil for pests and applying fungicides for fungal diseases, can help manage these issues.
5. When is the best time to harvest stevia leaves?
The best time to harvest stevia leaves is when the plants are in full bloom, typically during late summer or early autumn. At this stage, the leaves contain the highest concentrations of steviol glycosides, the sweet compounds responsible for the plant's sweetness.
6. Can stevia plants tolerate frost?
No, stevia plants are sensitive to frost and cannot tolerate freezing temperatures. It is essential to protect stevia plants from frost by bringing them indoors or providing adequate insulation and covering during cold weather.
7. How do I propagate stevia plants?
Stevia plants can be propagated from seeds or stem cuttings. Seeds are sown directly into the soil or seed trays, while stem cuttings are inserted into the soil and kept moist until roots develop. Both methods can be successful with proper care and environmental conditions.
8. Can I grow stevia in containers?
Yes, stevia can be grown in containers or pots, making it an ideal option for urban gardens or limited spaces. Choose a well-draining potting mix, provide adequate sunlight, and ensure regular watering to support healthy growth.
9. How tall do stevia plants grow?
Stevia plants typically grow to a height of 1-3 feet (30-90 centimeters), depending on growing conditions and cultivar. Regular pruning can help control plant height and encourage bushier growth.
10. Is stevia safe for consumption?
Yes, stevia is considered safe for consumption when used in moderation. It is widely used as a natural sweetener in various food and beverage products and is approved for use by regulatory authorities in many countries. However, individuals with underlying health conditions or concerns should consult a healthcare professional before incorporating stevia into their diet.
