Watermelon Growing Methods and Precautions
Watermelon is an essential summer fruit known for its sweet taste, refreshing quality, and high nutritional value. Due to its great market demand, many farmers are interested in cultivating watermelons. Here, we will discuss the methods and precautions for growing watermelons.
1. Selecting the Site and Fertilizing
Watermelons thrive in well-drained, loose, and breathable soil with deep layers, preferably sandy soil. Incorporate organic manure, such as compost or cake fertilizer, along with a small amount of inorganic fertilizer. The fertilizer should be rich in potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen.
2. Timely Transplanting
Once the watermelon seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, they are ready for transplanting. The transplanting time varies depending on the maturity period of different varieties. In narrow beds, plant one row; in wide beds, plant two rows. Cover the soil with mulch during transplanting to retain moisture and control weeds.
3. Pruning and Training Vines
The most common pruning method is the three-vine system. When the main vine has 8-9 leaves, retain two healthy side vines in addition to the main vine. When the vines reach about 50 cm, press them into the soil to encourage rooting, combining this with pruning. Repeat the pressing every 3-4 nodes, ensuring each vine is pressed 2-3 times.
4. Setting and Turning Fruits
Allow the first and second female flowers on the side vines, or the second and third female flowers on the main vine, to develop fruits. During rainy and cold weather, hand pollination may be necessary to assist fruit set. When the fruits reach a certain size, turn them carefully to ensure even growth. Turn the fruit one-third each time, always in the same direction.
5. Water and Fertilizer Management
When the watermelon reaches the size of an egg, it enters the rapid growth phase. Apply 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate-based controlled-release fertilizer per acre. Adjust fertilization based on plant growth to support fruit enlargement. Watermelons require ample water, so irrigate adequately, preferably in the early morning or late evening when temperatures are lower. Drain excess water promptly after rain to prevent root rot.
6. Timely Harvesting
If selling locally, harvest watermelons when they are 90% ripe. For longer transportation and sales duration, harvest at 80% ripeness. The best time to harvest is in the morning when temperatures are cooler.
7. Pest and Disease Control
Key diseases and pests to control include anthracnose, fusarium wilt, viral diseases, cucumber beetles, spider mites, and fruit flies. Remove and destroy affected seedlings, vines, and leaves promptly. Use appropriate pesticides to treat the plants as necessary.
Conclusion
Watermelons are sweet, juicy, and refreshing, making them a perfect summer treat. Following these growing methods and precautions can help ensure a high yield and quality harvest.
