Currently, there are many types of feed available for cattle, and each type of feed has different feeding methods. If the correct feeding methods are not followed, it can not only affect the digestion and absorption of cattle but also threaten their normal growth and health. So what are the proper feeding methods for raising cattle? Below are some common feeding methods for cattle.
1. Rice Bran
Rice bran is rich in crude protein and fat, with high energy content. However, rice bran tends to spoil easily, so it is best to use fresh rice bran for feeding cattle.
Correct Feeding Method: Rice bran should be fed in moderation, generally not exceeding 25-30% of the daily ration, to meet the nutritional needs of cattle. Additionally, when feeding rice bran, 1.5-2.0% bone meal should be added to the ration to supplement calcium and phosphorus.
2. Wheat Bran
Wheat bran is rich in B vitamins and other vitamins, as well as high in phosphorus. It also contains abundant crude fiber and has a certain laxative effect, which helps improve cattle's digestive function.
Correct Feeding Method: For calves with weak digestive function, wheat bran should be added in small amounts, around 10% of the ration, when starting feeding. From weaning to skeletal development, the amount of wheat bran should be around 13%, while also ensuring adequate calcium supplementation.
3. Legumes
When feeding legumes to cattle, they should be steamed or roasted first to destroy the anti-nutritional factors present. For example, when feeding soybeans, soak them in water overnight, then cook them until soft and cool before mixing them into the concentrate or feeding them directly to cattle, which can provide protein to cattle. It's important not to feed cattle too many soybeans each day, keeping it around 3-4 kilograms.
4. Distillers Grains
Distillers grains are the by-products of grain alcohol production and are rich in crude protein, B vitamins, and other nutrients, making them an excellent feed for cattle.
Correct Feeding Method: The daily feeding amount for adult cattle should not exceed 10 kilograms, especially in summer, when the amount of distillers grains should be reduced appropriately. Additionally, when feeding distillers grains, each head of cattle can be supplemented with 150-200 grams of baking soda daily to neutralize acidity.
5. Oil Cakes
Cottonseed cakes and rapeseed cakes contain certain toxins and should be detoxified before feeding cattle. However, even after detoxification, cottonseed cakes and rapeseed cakes should not be fed too much. Protein feeds such as soybean meal and peanut meal should be the main sources of protein feeds.
Correct Feeding Method: In general, fattening cattle can add 20%-25% oil cake feeds to the concentrate.
Conclusion
Above are the proper feeding methods for cattle. In summary, it is important to understand the nutritional characteristics of different feeds, avoid feeding a single type of feed for a long time, ensure comprehensive nutrition, and properly store feed to achieve scientific feeding.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. How can I tell if my cattle need more feed?
If your cattle are losing weight, showing signs of lethargy, or have a decrease in milk production (for dairy cattle), they may need more feed. However, it's essential to monitor their body condition and adjust feed amounts accordingly to avoid overfeeding.
2. Can I feed my cattle hay as their primary source of nutrition?
Hay can be a significant component of a cattle diet, but it should not be their sole source of nutrition. Hay lacks some essential nutrients, so it's essential to supplement with concentrates or other feeds to ensure balanced nutrition.
3. What should I do if my cattle refuse to eat a certain type of feed?
If your cattle refuse to eat a particular feed, it may indicate that they don't find it palatable or that it doesn't meet their nutritional needs. In such cases, you can try gradually introducing the feed mixed with other feeds or supplements to encourage consumption.
4. How often should I adjust the feed ration for my cattle?
The feed ration for cattle should be adjusted regularly based on factors such as age, weight, stage of production (e.g., lactation, gestation), and changes in forage quality. It's essential to monitor cattle's body condition and production performance and make adjustments accordingly.
5. Can I feed my cattle leftovers or expired feed?
No, it is not advisable to feed cattle leftovers or expired feed. These feeds may contain harmful bacteria, molds, or toxins that can pose health risks to cattle. Always provide fresh, high-quality feed to ensure the health and well-being of your cattle.
